Background: The increasing number of people referring to family therapy centers and higher rate of divorce are both signs of a serious crisis in family function. The aim of this study was to determine the association between marital conflicts and interpersonal Cognitive Distortion, dysfunctional attitude, and relationship-specific irrational beliefs.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive research, 60 married people, who had referred to Family therapy centers in Isfahan, Iran, during March 2010 to September 2010, were selected. Four questionnaires including relationship-specific irrational beliefs questionnaire (RSIBQ), interpersonal Cognitive Distortion scale (ICDS), dysfunctional attitude scale (DAS-26), marital conflicts questionnaire (MCQ) were completed. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis in SPSS16.Findings: The mean age of men and women were 37.6±9 years and 32.6±7.7, respectively. Data analysis revealed significant relationships between marital conflicts and interpersonal Cognitive Distortion, dysfunctional attitude, and relationship-specific irrational beliefs (P<0.01). Linear regression analysis showed dysfunctional attitude scores, age and gender to be able to predict marital conflicts scores.Conclusion: The results of this study support the Cognitive model to explain psychopathology of family relationship. In addition, these findings can be an evidence for codification of treatment protocols based on three elements which were proved to be related with marital conflicts in this study.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, one of the most important methods for evaluation of treatment and care in diabetes mellitus, as a chronic disease, is to assess the death anxiety. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between Cognitive fusion and Cognitive Distortion with death anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ardabil City, Iran, in year 2016. 110 patients with diabetes mellitus were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling method. For data collection, the Cognitive fusion scale, Cognitive Distortion scale, and death anxiety scale were used. Data analysis was made using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis at the significant level of P < 0. 050. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the Cognitive fusion (0. 59) and Cognitive Distortion (0. 62) with death anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus. Moreover, multiple regression analysis showed that Cognitive fusion and Cognitive Distortion could predict the death anxiety among the patients with diabetes mellitus (0. 48). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that Cognitive fusion and Cognitive Distortion are considered among the predicting variables related to death anxiety among the patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between Cognitive Distortion and flourishing, with self-compassion as a potential mediator. Previous research has suggested that self-compassion is an effective coping mechanism for addressing psychological issues and enhancing overall well-being. While previous studies have examined the relationship between Cognitive Distortion and self-compassion, none have investigated the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between Cognitive Distortion and flourishing. Cognitive Distortion is prevalent among young individuals and can adversely affect various aspects of mental health. This study aims to deepen our understanding of how self-compassion mitigates the negative impact of Cognitive Distortion and promotes flourishing.  Methods: Information was collected through online surveys from 221 university students in Uttarakhand, India, to investigate the relationship. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to analyze the correlations. The process macro was employed to conduct a mediation analysis of the relationship between Cognitive Distortion and flourishing, with self-compassion as a mediating variable. This technique employs bootstrap confidence intervals to estimate indirect effects.  Results: In the correlation analysis, Cognitive Distortion was negatively correlated with self-compassion and flourishing, while self-compassion was positively correlated with flourishing. Regression analysis revealed that self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between Cognitive Distortion and flourishing. This study offers initial evidence suggesting that individuals with higher Cognitive Distortion may experience improved flourishing through self-compassion development.  Discussion: The results underscore the significance of self-compassion in alleviating internalizing and externalizing issues among college students with distorted thoughts. Moreover, they offer coping mechanisms that can enhance flourishing levels.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation (intrinsic– external) and Cognitive Distortions. Methods: General design of this study considered as a descriptive and correlational method. Universal population in this research consist all students of the Urmia Azad University, which were studying during 2012 and 2013 (n = 250). All respondents filled the Alports religious and Cognitive Distortions questionnaires. The answers were analyzed with step by step regression and correlation method. Results: The research showed a significant relationship between the religious orientation and Cognitive Distortions (p < 0. 005) (p < 0. 001). Conclusion: The results suggest that religious orientation is an important factor in Cognitive Distortions and individuals with intrinsic religious orientation have less Cognitive Distortion.

Aging is one of the developmental stages in the field of global health, and it is highly important to pay attention to the elderly in terms of their psychological and physical needs. This issue indicates the ever-increasing necessity of applying effective interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to consider the effectiveness of mindfulnessbased Cognitive therapy on social adjustment and Cognitive Distortion in the elderly men. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all the elderly men in the age range of 65 to 75 years who were living in Khoramabad, Iran in 2021. The sample size consisted of 30 elderly men selected using convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group received eight weekly 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy. The questionnaires applied in the current study included Hamamci & Buyukozturk’, s interpersonal Cognitive Distortions and Bell's social adjustment. Data were analyzed using Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-22 software. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in post-test stage in terms of social adjustment and Cognitive Distortions (P<0. 001), controlling the effect of pre-test. According to the findings of the present study, mindfulnessbased Cognitive therapy improves the social adjustment and reduces Cognitive Distortion in the elderly. The findings of the study can start a new chapter in clinical interventions, and mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy can be implemented as an effective intervention for improving general health and quality of life in the elderly.

The current research aimed to examine effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on psychological well-being and Cognitive Distortion among adolescents of Ahvaz. The statistical population of the research included first high school female students of Ahvaz in 2016-17 among whom 30 were recruited using cluster random sampling method and were divided into treatment and control groups equally. The participants filled out the Abdolah Zadeh and Salar's Psychological Distortion Questionnaire and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Inventory. The treatment group received 10 weekly sessions of CBT intervention each lasting 90 mins but the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA and the analyses were performed using SPSS-25 software. The results of MANCOVA and ANCOVA showed that CBT increased adolescents' psychological well-being in self-acceptance, independence, environmentally dominance, purposefulness in life, personal growth, and positive relationship with others areas. Also, comparison of post-test results of the treatment and the control groups revealed that CBT intervention led to decreased Cognitive Distortions of adolescents of Ahvaz.

Background: This study aims to examine how Cognitive Distortion and Cognitive flexibility contribute to the connection between negative spontaneous thoughts and depression among adolescents with thoughts of suicide. Methods: This study constitutes a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional research design, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as the analytical approach. The target population for this research consists of all adolescents residing in Tehran from September to November 2023 who have previously attempted suicide. For this study, a sample of 214 adolescents with a history of suicide attempts was purposefully selected. The research instruments used in this study consisted of the BDI-II for measuring depression, the ICDS for assessing interpersonal Cognitive Distortions, the ATQ-30 for evaluating negative spontaneous thoughts, and the CFI questionnaire developed by Dennis and Vander Waal to measure Cognitive flexibility. The research data was analyzed using the SPSS version 27 and SmartPLS version 4 software. The bootstrap method with a volume of 5000 was employed to examine the indirect relationships. In the same way, the significance of the mediator variable was examined using Sobel's test. Results: According to the findings, the helplessness component had a noticeable and adverse impact on the Cognitive flexibility factor (β=-0. 619, P<0. 001). In addition, the Cognitive flexibility variable was negatively and significantly influenced by the Individual incompatibility component (β=-0. 225, P<0. 001). Similarly, this particular component exhibited a significant effect on depression as well (β=0. 159, p <0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of the current research demonstrated the impact of Cognitive flexibility and Cognitive Distortion on mitigating individual incompatibility, negative self-concept expectations, and depression among adolescents with suicidal ideation.